Everything about Karl M Bius totally explained
Karl August Möbius (
7 February 1825 in
Eilenburg –
26 April 1908 in
Berlin) was a
German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of
ecology.
Early life
Möbius was born in the town of
Eilenburg in
Saxony. At the age of four he attended primary school at the Bergschule Eilenburg, and at the age of 12 he was sent by his father to train as a
teacher. In
1844 he passed the exams with distinction and began working as teacher in
Seesen, on the northwest edge of the
Harz mountain range. In 1849 he began studying
natural science and
philosophy at
Humboldt University in Berlin. After he graduated, he taught
zoology,
botany,
Mineralogy,
geography,
physics, and
chemistry at the Johanneum High School in
Hamburg.
Oysters and ecology
In 1863 he opened the first German sea water
aquarium, in Hamburg. In
1868, shortly after passing his
doctoral examination at the
University of Halle, he was appointed Professor of Zoology at the
University of Kiel and the director of the Zoological Museum. Marine animals were among his main research interests and his first comprehensive work on the fauna of the Kieler Bucht already emphasized ecological aspects (
Die Fauna der Kieler Bucht, co-authored by
Heinrich Adolph Meyer, and published in two volumes in 1865 and 1872, respectively).
Between
1868 and
1870 he studied the
ecology of
oyster banks, primarily to determine the potential for oyster farming in coastal areas of Germany. This work resulted in two landmark publications:
Über Austern- und Miesmuschelzucht und Hebung derselben an der norddeutschen Küste (1870, in English:
On oyster and blue mussel farming in coastal areas of Northern Germany), and
Die Auster und die Austernwirtschaft (In English:
Oyster and oyster farming), in which he concluded that oyster farming wasn't a realistic option for Northern Germany. More importantly, he was first to describe in detail the interactions between the different organisms in the
ecosystem of the oyster bank, coining the term "
biocenose". This remains a key term in synecology (
community ecology).
In
1888 Möbius became the director of the Zoological Collections of the
Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and Professor of
Systematic and
Geographical Zoology at the
Kaiser Wilhelm University, Berlin, where he taught until he retired in 1905, at the age of 80.
Further Information
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